Bibliography
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about Pycnogenol’s scientific studies ...

Pycnogenol® increases the pathologically low capillary wall resistance. Pycnogenol® is shown to be the most potent among other bioflavonoids tested. Pycnogenol® provides strength to capillary walls and makes them less permeable and thus contributes to anti-oedema, anti-inflammatory effects.

Gabor, M., Engi, E. and Sonkodi, S. (1993)Die Kapillarwandresistenz und ihre Beeinflussung durch wasserlösliche Flavonderivate bei spontan hypertonischen Ratten.Phlebologie, 22: 178-182.

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