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Pycnogenol® tested in a placebo-controlled, double-blind phase as well as in open phase clinical trial, has been shown to produce significant relief and disappearance of symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency. Safety is confirmed by lack of side effects, changes in blood biochemistry and haematological parameters.

Petrassi, C., Mastromarino, A. and Spartera, C. (2000)Pycnogenol® in chronic venous insufficiency.Phytomedicine, 7(5): 383-388

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